What are Gum Diseases and How to Stop Them

Gum diseases, also referred to as periodontal diseases, are infections in the tissues and bones that surround and hold up the teeth. Bacteria found in plaque, a sticky clear substance that builds up and hardens on teeth surface, mainly cause gum diseases.

There are several cases of gum diseases, the mildest of which is gingivitis. A person with gingivitis has red or inflamed gums, which bleed easily. Good oral hygiene is the first defense against gingivitis or any other gum diseases. Going to your dentist regularly is another way to prevent and treat this disease.

When gingivitis is not treated, it can lead to a more severe infection called periodontitis.

Periodontitis damages the teeth’s supporting bones and tissues, creating gaps between teeth and gums and eventually causing tooth loss.

While bacteria in plaque are the primary cause of gum diseases, other contributing factors are smoking and stress, both of which decreases the body’s ability to stave off infection.

Persons with diabetes and other diseases that weaken the body’s immune system are also at a high risk of developing gum diseases. Lack of proper nutrition can worsen this condition. Hormonal changes such as during puberty, pregnancy and menopause may also make a person vulnerable to this kind of infection. In some cases, gum diseases are genetic and early detection is usually the best way of prevention and treatment.

The following are symptoms of gum diseases: mouth pains, frequent gum bleeding, gum swelling, mouth sores, pus in between gums and teeth, bad breath, sensitive teeth, loose teeth and receding gums. If you have any of these symptoms, consult your dentist immediately.

If it is determined that you have gum disease or periodontal disease, the next best step would be to seek treatment from a periodontist or a specialist in this condition. A periodontist will be able to tell you if you should proceed with non-surgical or surgical treatment.

Usually, the first step to treating gum diseases is a procedure called scaling which involves removing plaque and tartar in between teeth and gums all the way to the roots.
Root planing is another way to smooth the surface of the roots. These methods are usually enough to get rid of the problem but if your condition persists, surgery is another option. Surgical treatment may include flap surgery where gum tissue is pulled back to clean the roots completely, grafts to replace destroyed tissues and bones, and other procedures that stimulate tissue and bone growth.

Prevent gum diseases by brushing your teeth twice a day, flossing and visiting your dentist regularly. These simple reminders are the key to keeping your gums healthy and your teeth intact.